Air is considered polluted with its concentration of gases and particles are at an unnatural and harmful concentration. This can occur both indoors and outside. Soot, smoke, mold, pollen, methane, and carbon dioxide are a just few examples of common pollutants.
As the world gets warmer and crowded, our engines continuously pump dirty emissions into our air. Some fortunate have access to clean fuels, technologies (e.g. electric stoves, energy saving lightbulbs or green energy), whereas half the world does not. This impacts all of us. The very air we all breathe is continually growing to become more dangerous polluted: now nine out of ten people breathe polluted air.
Air pollution is hard to escape. It is all around us. Microscopic pollutants in the air can slip past our body’s defences, penetrating deep into our respiratory and circulatory system, damaging our lungs, heart and brain.
The difference between indoor and outdoor air pollution is that one is experienced outside with constant change of air concentration, whereas indoor air pollution occurs in confined spaces such as a room, an office or public transport.
Indoor pollution is often considered more dangerous, although it also can correlate to outdoor conditions.
According to EPA, indoor the concentrations of some pollutants are often 2 to 5 times higher than typical outdoor concentrations and in some scenarios, these levels can exceed 10 times that of outdoor levels of the same pollutants.
The main cause why indoors often sees a spike in pollution is inefficient fuel combustion from rudimentary appliances used for cooking, heating and lighting. Also consistent pollution from poor building materials, cleaning products, and the outdoor air decrease the cleanliness off the air. In other words, often the air inside can be more harmful than the air outside.
Air pollution increases the risk of respiratory and heart disease in the population. Both short and long term exposure to air pollutants have been associated to health impacts. People with prior conditions or who are weak from illness, very young or old age etc. are affected more severely.
Air pollution is a major environmental health problem affecting everyone. Whether in Manila, Sao Paolo or London, air pollution is a problem everywhere regardless the source - cars exhausts, domestic combustion or factory smoke.
From smog hanging over cities to smoke inside the home, air pollution poses a major threat to health and climate. Ambient air pollution accounts for an estimated 4.2 million deaths per year due to stroke, heart disease, lung cancer and chronic respiratory diseases.
Particulate matter is a pollutant of special concern. Smaller-diameter particles (PM2.5 or smaller) are generally more dangerous than larger particles. The ultra fine particles (one micron in diameter or less) can unnoticeably penetrate tissues and organs, posing an even greater risk of systemic health impacts. Many studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between exposure to PM and negative health impacts.